BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL

Academic Year 2021/2022 - 1° Year
Teaching Staff: Maide Angela Rita BUCOLO
Credit Value: 9
Scientific field: ING-INF/04 - Systems and control engineering
Taught classes: 49 hours
Exercise: 30 hours
Term / Semester:
ENGLISH VERSION

Learning Objectives

The course aims to drive the students in the acquisition of the basic concepts of biomedical systems and biomedical imaging technologies, focusing the attention on the aspects related to the system theory and automatic controls field. In this context it will be also introduced different mathematical methods for bio-signals analysis.


Course Structure

The course includes lectures for the acquisition and knowledge required and the carrying out of laboratory activities aimed at their application.

Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.


Detailed Course Content

1. Basic concepts of biomedical systems

Generalized medical instrumentation system - Alternative operational mode - Medical measurement constraints - Classifications of biomedical instruments - Interfering and modifying input - Compensation techniques - Design criteria - Commercial medical instrumentation development process - Regulation of medical device - Examples of physiological systems control – Example of Biomedical equipment - Artificial organs.

2. Bioelectrical model and signals

- Structures and Functions of the Nervous System: the neurons, the action potential, the neuron communication and the synaptic integration, the neuron electrical models and the axon transmission model, the volume conductor field, system to record neuron activity, the muscle action potential.

- Peripheral Nervous System and Skeleton-Muscle System: electro-neurogram (ENG), electro-myography (EMG).

- Vision System: electro-rethinogram (ERG), electro-oculogram (EOG).

- Circulatory and Cardiac Systems: circulatory system and systemic parameters (blood pressure, blood velocity, cardiac output), heart electro/mechanical physiology, electro-cardiogram (ECG), arrhythmia and artificial heart.

- Central Nervous System: the electromagnetic activity in the neocortex, brain recording and measurement (EEG/MEG), brain rhythms, abnormal patterns (aging and brain disorder), Evoked potential, Brain Computer-Interface.

3. Methodologies in biomedical signal analysis

Case studies (ECG, EEG, MEG, fMRI), Pre-processing methods (statistics, frequency filtering and saturation), Processing methods (linear analysis in time and frequency domain, nonlinear analysis, multivariate analysis, non-stationarity, and connectivity). Basic on biostatistics.

4. Systems and technologies in biomedical imaging

-X-Ray Imaging: x-ray production, interaction of X-ray with tissue, linear and mass attenuation coefficient, instrumentation for planar X-ray imaging, instrumentation for computed and digital radiography, image characteristics, contrast agents, X-ray, imaging methods (angiography, dual-energy, fluoroscopy), clinical applications (mammography, abdominal scans).

- Computed Tomography (CT): scanner instrumentation, detector for CT, image processing (pre-processing data correction, Radom transform and back-projection techniques, fan-beam reconstruction, iterative algorithm), spiral/helical CT, multi-slice spiral CT, radiation dose, clinical applications (cerebral scans, pulmonary disease, abdominal imaging).

- Ultrasound Imaging (US): general principle of US imaging, wave propagation and characteristic parameters, energy loss mechanisms, single crystal and array instrumentation, beam forming, Time-Gain compensation, diagnostic scanning modes, clinical applications and safety.


Textbook Information

COURSE TEXTBOOKS

T1) Webster J.G., Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design, Wiley

T2) Michael C. K. Khoo, Physiological Control System: Analysis, Simulation and Estimation, IEEE press Series on Biomedical Eng., Wiley-Interscience

T3) M. Bear, B. Connors, M. Paradiso, Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, Wolters-Kluwer

T4) J. L. Semmlow, B. Griffel, Bio-signal and Medical Image Processing, CRC Press

T5) Andrew Webb, Introduction of Biomedical Imaging, IEEE press Series on Biomedical Eng., Wiley-Interscience

SUGGESTED READING

T6) Saeid Sanei, Jonathon Chambers, EEG Signal Processing, Wiley

T7) S. A. Glantz, Primer of Biostatistic, McGraw-Hill