RADAR IMAGING AND REMOTE SENSING
Anno accademico 2024/2025 - Docente: LORETO DI DONATORisultati di apprendimento attesi
Knowledge and fundamental skills related to radar systems, remote sensing, inverse scattering, and microwave imaging as well as notions on antenna arrays for radar systems.
Knowledge and understanding: Acquisition of basic principles of radar detection and signal processing.
Applying knowledge and understanding: Ability to quantitatively solve radar detection problems in different scenarios. Solution of inverse and optimization problems.
Making judgements: Ability to identify and compare the most appropriate methods for studying real problems.
Communication skills: Ability to present orally. Ability to write a lab report using technical language.
Learning skills: Learning assessment may also be carried out on-line depending on specific circumstances required
Modalità di svolgimento dell'insegnamento
Prerequisiti richiesti
Basic knowledge of signals theory and processing, linear systems, propagation.
Frequenza lezioni
Contenuti del corso
Radar systems and processing (5 CFU – 35 h)
Elements of Wave Propagation and Antennas. Antennas Array. Radar Equations and Radar Cross Section. Range Resolution and Doppler Frequency. Noise modeling in radar receinver. Signals and Networks Representation. Matched Filter and Ambiguity Function. Pulse Compression. Radar Detecion. Moving Target Indicator (MTI) and Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR). FMCW and Monopulse Radar.
Microwave imaging (1.5 CFU – 10.5 h)
Non linearity and ill-posedness. Linearized Scattering Models and Regularization. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Gradient Based Optimization Techniques. Compressive Sensing.
Topics - in Collaboration with companies, universities and research centers (0.5 CFU – 3.5 h)
Ground Penetrating Radar / Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
Automotive Radar / Direction Finding (Angle of Arrival)
Microwave Medical Imaging / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Laboratory, practise and experience (2 CFU – 30 h)
Radar data modeling and processing with Matlab
Measurement data acquisition and processing with mm-Waves Radar Prototype
Radar Cross Section Measurement
Visit at Sigonella/Fontanarossa/Etna Radar station (in collaboration with ENAV–TechnoSky/US Navy/INGV)
Testi di riferimento
[1] Radar Priciples, Peyton Z. Peebles, John Wiley & Sons Inc
[2] Radar Systems Analysis and Design using MATLAB (III ed.), Bassem R. Mahafza, CRC Press
[3] Radar Principles, Nadav Levanov, Wiley
[4] Antenna Theory: analysis and design, C. A. Balanis, 4th edition, Wiley
[5] Microwave imaging, Matteo Pastorino, John Wiley & Sons
[6] Introduction to Inverse Problems in Imaging, M. Bertero, P. Boccacci, C. De Mol, Taylor & Francis
Programmazione del corso
| Argomenti | Riferimenti testi | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to the course - Syllabus and Exam modality Radar Topics - Technologies and Applications Antenna - Definition, Radiation Conditions, Resonance, Radiation Pattern, and Pattern Features - Antenna Array | slides docente |
| 2 | Practice: Antenna in Matlab (antenna toolbox) | slides docente |
| 3 | Dipole array (Lab.), DoA estimation (theory) | slides docente |
| 4 | Lab - Matlab: DoA estimation (Forward Problem) | slides docente |
| 5 | Lab - Matlab: DoA estimation (Algorithms - BARTLETT and MUSIC) | slides docente |
| 6 | Lab - Ansys: Dipole Antenna | slides docente |
| 7 | Lab - Ansys: Dipole Array - Example Patch con lossy substrate(Gain vs. DIrectivity), Patch array | slides docente |
| 8 | Radar sytems overwiew and hystory, Friis formula and Radar Equation | §§ 1.1-1.4 [1] |
| 9 | Radar Equations for different radar configurations, loss factors and noise, radar waveform and transmitted power (available instantaneous, peak, and averaged) | § 4.1 [1] |
| 10 | Transmitted power of pulse train. Doppler effect | § 1.5 [1] |
| 11 | Radar cross section: theory and matlab/ansys excercise, RCS of canonical shapes (metallic sphere and metallic rectangular plate) | slides docente, [2] |
| 12 | Radar Signals and Elementary Concept in Matlab | slides docente, [2] |
| 13 | Effect of target movement on radar signal (streaching factor and round trip delay modification) | § 1.6 [1] |
| 14 | Noise modelling for radar receiver, in incremental bandiwith. Effective noise temperature, noise figure (operating and standard). Noise modelling for rectangular filter bandwith, averaged temperature and noise figure. | §§ 4.3-4.4 [1] |
| 15 | Modelling of losses in radar receiver, antenna noise temperature | §§ 4.5-4.6 [1] |
| 16 | Radar Signals and Elementary Concept in Matlab - Continuous and Pulsed Wave, Pulse Train, Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave, Range Estimation, Unambiguous Range and Range Resolution, Doppler Estimation | slides docente, [2] |
| 17 | Measurement of Metalic Dipole with Balun in Anechoic Chamber - VNA Calibration, Scattering Coefficients, Pattern Visualization, and Polarization Pattern | |
| 18 | Complex and analytic radar signal. Analytic representation of networks and signals, impulse response and transfer function of analytic filter and their relationship. | §§ 6.1 6.2 6.3 [1] |
| 19 | Signal-to-noise ratio maximization, Matched filter. | § 6.6 [1] |
| 20 | RCS Measurement in Anechoic Chamber: Rectangular aluminum taped target, aspect angle dependency, evaluation in Matlab and comparison with theoretical expectation | |
| 21 | FMCW Radar Theory - Transmitted Signal, Recieved Signal, Beat Signal, Range Doppler Mapping. FMCW Radar in matlab | slides docente |
| 22 | Matched filter for gaussian noise | § 6.6 [1] |
| 23 | Matched filter response for stationary target. Examples. Ambiguity function | § 6.8 [1] |
| 24 | Pulse compression. LFM pulse. Implementation of ambiguity function in matlab | § 6.8 [1] |
| 25 | Radar detection probability. Probability of false alarm. | § 3.1 [3] |
| 26 | PD for SNR >>1, approximated formula. Coherent integration. | § 3.1 [3] |
| 27 | Non coherent integration. Statistical RCS targets. Rayligh and Chi-square fluctuating targets (Swerling Type). | § 3.2 [3] |
| 28 | Binary integration. Doppler frequency pulse train processing. DFT | § 3.2 [3] § 10.1 [3] |
| 29 | DFT implementation with filter bank. Introduction to Clutter | § 10.1 [3] |
| 30 | TOPIC: SAR | slides e appunti docente |
| 31 | TOPIC: Microwave imaging problem formulation and weak scattering linearization | slides e appunti docente |
| 32 | Rayleigh conditioin for smooth surface. Effect of the reflection from flat surface in radar received signal. | § 4 .1 - 4.2 [3] |
| 33 | Pattern effect in radar equation for small grazing angle, clutter area contribution for small and long pulse period (limited beamwidth illumination), signal-to-clutter ratio. Clutter removal with single and double canceller line. | § 4-3 - 4.4 [3] |
| 34 | Clutter removal, single line and double line canceller | § 11 [3] |
| 35 | SAR Doppler | slides e appunti docente |