ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION, UTILIZATION AND SMART GRIDS

Learning Objectives

• ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION

  The first module of the Course aims at providing knowledge on structures, components, functions, analysis and design methods with specific reference to First Category Systems (Low Voltage distribution networks), classified according to CEI Standards.

• SMART GRIDS

  The second module of the Course aims at providing knowledge on structures, functions, analysis, operation and protection methods for electrical distribution networks with electrical distributed generation and storage systems according to the innovative paradigm of Smart Grids.

Course Structure

• ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION

  The Course is structured through classroom-taught lessons on the theoretical aspects of the various topics, supported by numerical exercises by using specific software tools.

• SMART GRIDS

  The Course is structured through classroom-taught lessons on the theoretical aspects of the various topics, supported by numerical exercises by using specific software tools.

Detailed Course Content

• ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION

  0. Electrical Power System general configuration; Main networks topological structures; Definitions and classifications related to electrical installations; Main technical choices; Neutral grounding in three-phase systems; Classification of Low Voltage (LV) distribution systems.

  1. Overview on Standards and Laws for electrical power systems.

  2. Assessment of the conventional load of electrical single lines and installations.

  3. Parameters and models of electrical lines.

  4. Structure of overhead lines.

  5. Structure of cable lines.

  6. Electrical sizing criteria for short lines (R-L model).

  7. Overcurrents (Overload and Short-Circuit). Short-circuit current calculation in radial distribution networks.

  8. Switching devices classification and phenomenology of the electric arc.

  9. Protections against overcurrents (protection relays and fuses classifications). Automatic circuit-breakers for LV applications.

  10. Choice of protection devices against overcurrents according to CEI standards.

  11. Protections selectivity criteria.

  12. Presentation of the Electrical Safety problem and its relationship with the environmental conditions; ordinary environments and particular environments/applications; codes IP for enclosed equipment.

  13. Design and protection criteria according to the Italian standardised and approved safety technical rules (CEI standards). Electric shock. Earthing systems and schemes. Characteristics of TT, TN and IT distribution systems.

  14. Protections against indirect contacts in TT, TN and IT systems. Protections against direct contacts.

  15. Installation of protections and circuit-breakers on phase and neutral conductors in TT, TN and IT systems.

  16. Standard technical rules for electrical installations in particular environmental conditions.

• SMART GRIDS

  1. MV/LV Secondary Substations (SS) and sizing criteria. SS connections rules to the MV distribution network – Passive and active Users (CEI Guide 99-4 and CEI Norm 0-16).

  2. HV/MV Primary Substations (PS). Distribution network structures for MV and LV public systems.

  3. Users connection rules to the LV distribution network (CEI Norm 0-12 and compliance witih CEI EN 50438 for generators up to 16 A).

  4. Neutral grounding in three-phase electrical networks and analysis of the single-phase-to-ground fault.

  5. Protections against single-phase-to-ground faults.

  6. Protections fo MV and LV radial distribution networks: protections against overloads and multi-phase short-circuits; protectins against single-phase-to-ground faults; Distribution networks automation principles in MV systems (RGDAT sensors, FRG and FNC automation techniques and their evolution).

  7. Voltage regulation in passive MV and LV distribution networks according to the standardised criteria of Enel Distribuzione (reference document: Enel DK 4455, 1993). Uneffectiveness of such traditional methods in "active" distribution networks.

  8. Distributed Generation (DG) and its impact on Distribution and Transmission networks.

  9. Advanced Protection/Automation schemes and Voltage Regulation methods in the presence of DG in distribution networks. "Smart" Secondary Substations.

  10. The Smart Grid (SG) and its innovative paradigms: Components and Functions of the SG; Integration of renewable distributed electrical energy sources; Distribution Automation; Advanced Metering Systems; Electrical Energy Storage; Microgrids; Virtual Power Plants and DG dispatching methods; Demand Side and Generation Management; Electrical Mobility.

Textbook Information

• ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION

  - Detailed technical reports in English edited by Professionals and International Companies operating in the electrical industry sector.

  - CEI (in Italian and English), CENELEC and IEC (in English) Standards and Norms.

  - G. Conte, "Manuale di Impianti Elettrici", Ed. HOEPLI (in Italian).

  - V. Carrescia, "Fondamenti di Sicurezza Elettrica", Ed. TNE (in Italian).

  Additional teaching material, such as technical reports or Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, prepared by the teacher, are provided during the lessons.

• SMART GRIDS

  - Detailed technical reports in English edited by Professionals and International Companies operating in the electrical industry sector.

  - Roberto Marconato, "Electric Power Systems, Vol. I, II", Ed. CEI (in English).

  - James J. Burke, "Power Distribution Engineering _ Fundamentals and applications", Ed. Dekker Inc. (in English).

  - Gilbert M. Masters, “Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems”, A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUB. (in English).

  - Fabio Massimo Gatta, “Impianti Elettrici”, Ed. Esculapio (in Italian).

  Additional teaching material, such as technical reports or Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, prepared by the teacher, are provided during the lessons.