Industrial Technical Drawing M - Z

The course aims to provide the student with the concepts of graphic communication and industrial technical drawing, so that he is able to represent, also through freehand sketching and to interpret, through the reading of drawings, individual components and assemblies of machines, identifying shapes and technological and functional characteristics. The design must never be an end in itself, but must provide a clear and unambiguous representation of the designer's idea, allowing it to be realized and subsequently tested. The student will also have to acquire a first knowledge of the standardized functional components of machines and design procedures. The study of the inclusion of technical documentation in the product life cycle is a characterizing element of the course. Finally, the basic elements of Computer Graphics and solid modeling will be illustrated, being the same the modern and current alternative to the classic tools of manual drawing. The objectives of the course through the planned teaching activities are part of the training project of the degree course and will allow the student to acquire a design methodology necessary for the industrial engineer. The knowledge acquired will allow the development of technical and design representation skills oriented towards educational quality, industrial innovation and responsible use of resources, in accordance with Goals 4, 9 and 12 of the 2030 Agenda.

The course includes lectures, during which the direct participation of the student is frequently required. Practical exercises are planned in order to enable the student to acquire the necessary skills for training as an industrial designer. A guided tour is planned annually to illustrate to students the mechanical components that are studied during the course. All in perfect coherence with the training objectives of the course.

Students are expected to know the conceptual basis of descriptive geometry: the point, the line, the plane, space, the projection of a point in space; the concept of summation and definite integral, sliding and rolling friction; the concept of scale of representation.

During the first lesson, students will be given an anonymous multiple-choice test in order to check their prior knowledge.

1. TECHNICAL DRAWING FOR DESIGN – STANDARDS AND TOOLS FOR DRAWING

Technical drawing and its evolution. Drawing as the basis of industrial design. Conventional representation standards, dimensional scales. Standardization and unification. Industrial unification. National and international unified standards. Drawing tools.

Theory: 6 hours – Practice: 3 hours

2. ORTHOGRAPHIC AND AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONS

Projection of a point in space, Monge’s theorem. Orthogonal projections. European, American, and arrow projection methods. Introduction to auxiliary planes. Unified axonometric projections: orthogonal and oblique. Isometric, dimetric, and cavalier projections. Polhke’s theorem.

Theory: 6 hours – Practice: 8 hours

3. SECTIONS AND INTERSECTIONS

Sections and representation standards. Sections with parallel planes and concurrent planes. Introduction to intersections between elementary solids.

Theory: 4 hours – Practice: 5 hours

4. DIMENSIONING

Dimensioning methods. Main types, special dimensioning conventions, classification of dimensions.

Theory: 4 hours – Practice: 4 hours

5. DIMENSIONAL AND GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES

Errors and tolerances. Dimensional tolerances, types of fits, ISO system. Shaft-hole fits. Introduction to geometrical tolerances. Preferred numbers. Surface conditions, roughness, and surface finishes.

Theory: 6 hours – Practice: 5 hours

6. JOINTS

Shaft-hub fits by thermal interference. Keys, keyways, splines, and pins. Threads: main types (ISO metric, gas, Whitworth, trapezoidal, buttress, Edison, etc.), main elements of a thread. Main threaded components: screws, bolts, studs, bolt classes. Introduction to welding and riveting.

Theory: 6 hours – Practice: 5 hours

7. MOTION TRANSMISSION AND OTHER MACHINE COMPONENTS

Plain bearings. Thrust bearings. Rolling bearings: ball, roller, tapered, cage bearings. Graphical representation of bearings. Selection criteria and mounting. Rotary motion transmission (transmission ratio, friction wheels). Gears: types and representation. Seals and gaskets. Springs.

Theory: 6 hours – Practice: 5 hours

8. ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER-AIDED DRAWING AND SOLID MODELING

Main types of parametric solid modelers.

Theory: 4 hours – Practice: 2 hours

9. PRACTICAL EXERCISES

Applications of Monge’s theorem; Fundamental geometric constructions; Third-view determination, orthogonal projections; Intersections between elementary solids.

Theory: 0 hours – Practice: 8 hours

1 . E. Chirone, S. Tornincasa, Disegno tecnico industriale, vol. I e II, Ed. Il Capitello, Torino, 2018.

 2. M. Carfagni, F. Furferi, L. Governi, Y. Volpe, Esercizi di Disegno Meccanico, Zanichelli.

3. S. Barone, A. Paoli, A. V. Razionale, M. Berretta, Disegno Tecnico Industriale, CittàStudi Edizioni

4 .G. Bertoline, E. Wiebw, Fondamenti di comunicazione grafica, McGraw-Hill.

5 . F. Caputo, M. Martorelli, Disegno e progettazione per la gestione industriale, Ed. Scientifiche Italiane.

6 . M. Calì, G. Fatuzzo, R. Licciardello, Le costruzioni geometriche nel disegno tecnico, Bonanno Editore, Catania, 2000.

7 . S. Gambera, S. Licciardello, S.M. Oliveri, Designazione dei materiali da costruzione con particolare riferimento allo stato superficiale, Bonanno Editore, Catania, 2000.

8 . SKF Industrie S.p.A, Catalogo e manuale tecnico dei cuscinetti.

9. Manuale dell'Ingegnere Meccanico a cura di P. Andreini, Hoepli

10 . L. Baldassini – Vademecum per Disegnatori e Tecnici, Hoepli

The Technical Industrial Design examination comprises the assessment of the compulsory coursework assigned during the lessons, the graphics test and the oral interview.

The compulsory coursework, completed in pencil, must be endorsed by the course lecturer or tutors, who sign the summary sheet that must be handed in at the oral interview together with the coursework. When the papers are endorsed but corrections are indicated, this must be done, as the drawings are checked and discussed during the oral interview.

The graphical tests, the dates for which are indicated in the examination calendar, may be taken even if the compulsory coursework has not been endorsed.

Two in itinere tests are scheduled: the first, lasting 3 hours, in November in order to check whether the student has understood the concept of orthogonal projection and is able to represent an object in the drawing plane according to the rules deriving from Monge's Theorem in the first dihedral system (European System). To access the second in itinere test, which lasts 4 hours, the student must obtain a mark of no less than 18/30 (eighteen out of thirty) in the first test. In the second in itinere test scheduled for January, the student must extract some elements from a mechanical assembly represented in section and draw them in the plane using the first or third dihedral method. The graphical representation must include at least two views and the significant sections with the relevant dimensions, all at an appropriate scale of representation. The test also includes the calculation of a dimensional tolerance and a question on the theoretical topics of the course.

The graphical tests scheduled in the timetable are of a similar type to the second test and also last four hours.

The oral interview can only be held after having obtained an admission grade, albeit with reservations, in the graphics test and having obtained approval on all the compulsory graphics.

The compulsory graphical papers do not expire and are always valid for the exam, whereas the graphical test remains valid for the entire academic year. Therefore, a student who has obtained an admission grade in the graphical test may take the oral interview on any date envisaged in the exam calendar and, if necessary, repeat the same interview if it fails. In the case of conditional admission, on the other hand, the interview may only be held once and, in the event of a negative result, the graphics test must be repeated.

The oral interview may be held on all the dates set out in the examination calendar for the graphic tests and on subsequent dates agreed with the students on the occasion of the graphic tests themselves.

To take the graphics test, it is necessary to book online. Students who are admitted following the in itinere tests must book online on the first date scheduled in the examination calendar.

The oral interview is not compulsory and students who do not wish to take it may request an evaluation of the coursework and the graphical or in itinere test. In this case the mark cannot be higher than 26/30 (twenty-six out of thirty). Those who gain conditional admission are required to attend the oral interview.

The final mark is the weighted average of the assessment of the coursework, the graphical or in itinere test and when the oral interview is held.

The oral interview assesses the relevance of the answers provided by the student in relation to the question formulated, the critical ability to explain the proposed topic with links to other relevant topics and technical language property.

The learning assessment may also be conducted electronically, should conditions require it.

The oral interview assesses the relevance of the answers given by the student in relation to the question formulated, the critical ability to explain the proposed topic with links to other relevant topics and technical language property.

The learning assessment may also be conducted electronically, should the conditions so require.

1 Monge's Theorem;

 2 Orthographic projections in the European and American systems;

 3 The unified axonometries;

 4 Arranging dimensions in a drawing in orthogonal projection;

 5 The dimensional tolerances;

 6 Assigning a tolerance value using the ISO system;

 7 Comparing keys and tabs;

 8 Freehand graphic representation of a shaft-hub coupling using key or keyway;

 9 Threads: definitions and types;

 10 Free-hand representation of a moving coupling by means of a threaded organ;

 11 Surface roughness: definition, symbol and application in mechanical organ drawings;

 12 Make a comparison between plain bearings and rolling bearings;

 13 Freehand representation of the assembly of a rolling bearing on a shaft.