ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS

Module Module A

The course aims at introducing the notions required for electronic measurements. The course deals with basic electronic measurement science and measurement techniques for main electrical quantities, measurement uncertainty, and its estimation. Metrological characteristics of measuring instrumentations, basic analog measuring  instruments in AC and DC and their metrological characteristics, and measuring methods will be introduced. 

 Experimental sections will be organized. Students will work in groups.  

Lessons are given in English. Basic measurement theory will be taught both in English and Italian, in order to let the student acquire the basic vocabulary of measurement science in both the languages. 

Knowledge and understaning

The student knows the elements of a measuring section, corresponding measuring tools, measuring methods, and measurement uncertainty estimation.

Applying knowledge and understaning

Thanks to the knowledge acquired during the module, the student will be able to estimate the value for a given electrical parameter. He can estimate the measuring uncertainty for a measurand. He can perform group activities. 

Making judgements

The student can critically analyze the results of a measurement section and compare the coherence of results with information on the adopted method and mesurement resources. The student can choose new solutions to improve the results of a measurement section. This skill is obtained by group class activities and lab sections. 

Communication skills

The student can use technical language to describe theoretical elements of electronic measurements and the results of experimental sections. He can report both in oral and written forms. 

This skill is obtained thanks to self-evaluation forms and written reports on lab sections. 

Learning skills

The student can read and understand technical books on Electronic Measurements, both in Italian and English. He can use data-sheets. This skill is obtained by individual studying suggested books, collaborative investigations of data-sheets during class exercises and lab sections.   

This course consists of classroom lessons, numerical exercises, and lab expericences.  Lectures  will provide a theoretical understanding of metrology and measurement science. Numerical exercises, which will be worked out with the active involvement of the class,  and lab experiments will be useful to better understand the theoretical part of the course. Students will be  divided into groups for the lab experiments.

The didactical activity is organized in Units. After completion of each Unit, a seft-avaluation form will be provided. The check of the form will be possible, provided that the form has been deliverd no later that one week after the Unit completion.

Students will develop soft skills because of group activities. Written reports will be required. 

Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.

The following topics should be mastered: Mathematics: Taylor series of functions of several variables; solution of 1st and 2nd linear differential equations; Signal Theory: Random variables, mean and variance; Electrotechnics: solution of simple circuits in both static and dynamic conditions. The course requires that the examination in for the courses of: Elettrotecnica

Attending the lessons is not mandatory, though it is strongly suggested. Applying to ongoing tests requires lesson attending (70% minimum)

Unit 1: Basic measurement theory (12 h) *Quantity, *Measure, *Measurement, *Measurement methods: direct and indirect measurement methods, *Null and deflection measurement methods, *Indication, *Metrological characteristics of a measuring instrument, *calibration diagram, *Calibration curve and instrumental measurement uncertainty, *sensitivity, *resolution, hysteresis, *precision and accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. Unit 2: Uncertainty of measurement (12 h) GUM, *Uncertainty of measurement, *Type A Type B uncertainties, *Combanied standard uncerainty: uncorrelated input quantities and correlated input quantities, expanded uncertainty. Unit 3: DC masuring instruments and DC measuring methods (14 h) *Analog measuring instruments, *the permanent magnet-moving coil galvanometer, *milliammeter, *millivoltmeter, ammeter, voltmeter, zero-center galvanometer, accuracy class, *voltmeter-ammeter method and corresponding loading effects, *Weathstone bridge circuit, Substitution methods, *Potentiometer method fore.m.f. and current measurement, Clark's potentiometer, Kelvin-Varley potentiometer, direct reading potentiometer. Unità 4: AC measuring instruments (12 h) AC-DC converters: *half-wave and full-wave average reading, *half-wave and full-wave peak reading,and true rms-reding rectifiers, *Analog Oscilloscopes, *Cathoide ray tube and its senibility, *horizontal and vertical channels, *time base, *triggered sweep. (*) minimum required competencies.

1) E. Doebelin, "Strumenti e metodi di misura", Mc Graw Hill 2) E. Doebelin, "Measurement systems", McGraw Hill 3) G. Iuculano D Mirri, "Misure Elettroniche", CEDAM 4) Norma UNI 4546-1984,"Misure e misurazioni" 5) Norama UNI CEI ENV 13005:2000 "Guida all'espressione dell'incertezza di misura"

The examination consists of an oral examination for modules A and B. The oral exam is evaluated based on the quality of the technical language used and the ability to correctly and completely solve the proposed problems.

Module A
The exam consists of 3 questions. One question is related to the basic principles of metrology (Units 1 and 2), the second to measurement instruments (Units 3 and 4), the third to measurement methods (unit 3).
Each question is given a mark between 1 and 10. The total score for the test is the sum of the scores for the three questions. The typical test duration is 30 minutes. The questions given may include both theoretical questions and numerical exercises.

 

 

 

Ongoing test - Module A

Students who have fulfilled the attendance requirements have the opportunity to participate to ongoing tests, which take place at the end of each module and whose dates are published on the website of the Dregree, in the exam calendar.

The ongoing tests are evaluated on the basis of the ability to provide an adequate solution to the proposed problems, the formal correctness and completeness of the solutions, the quality of the technical language used, the correctness in performing the necessary calculations, and the results delivered.

With respect to Module A, the ongoing test consists of short numerical exercises (up to 10 points), a theoretical question with explicit development of the proof (up to 10 points), and a full numerical exercise to perform and elaborate the results of a measurement (up to 10 points). The duration of the test is 2 hours.

The results of the tests will be available at the beginning of the lessons of Module B. Students can access the correction of their test within one week after the results are published.

To ensure equal opportunities and in compliance with current laws, interested students may request a personal interview in order to plan any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures based on educational objectives and specific needs. Students can also contact the CInAP (Centro per l’integrazione Attiva e Partecipata - Servizi per le Disabilità e/o i DSA) referring teacher within their department.

The learning test can also be done electronically if the conditions require it.

 

law of propagation of uncertainty

the time base of the oscilloscope

the volt-ammeter method